Quinoline Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Pharmaceutical Applications

Abstract

Quinoline and its derivatives have attracted a lot of attention in the domains of medicinal chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceutical research because they have a wide variety of biological activities and can be used in a variety of different applications. The purpose of this extensive review paper is to provide an overview of the recent developments that have occurred in the synthesis, biological activities, and medicinal applications of quinoline derivatives. Several different synthetic approaches for quinoline derivatives are discussed. These approaches include multicomponent reactions (MCRs) like the Povarov reaction, the Gewald reaction, and the Ugi reaction. These MCR-based approaches provide methods that are both efficient and versatile for the construction of complex quinoline scaffolds in a single step. These methods also allow for the insertion of structural variety and functional groups that are customized to specific applications. The biological activities of quinoline derivatives are discussed in great detail, including their potential to act as antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiviral, anti-protozoal, antimalarial, anticancer, cardiovascular, central nervous system-active, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic agents. In this study, the significance of quinoline derivatives as promising lead molecules for drug development and their involvement in addressing a variety of therapeutic requirements is brought to light. The article offers a discussion on the therapeutic applications of quinoline derivatives, with a particular focus on their utilization in the fields of medicinal chemistry and materials science. In the pursuit of the discovery of new medicinal agents and the advancement of materials science, the ongoing invention and development of novel synthetic techniques, as well as the research of undiscovered biological activities of quinoline derivatives, offer a great deal of potential. The purpose of this extensive study is to serve as a helpful resource for researchers, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical scientists who are working in the field of quinoline chemistry. It offers insights into the most recent developments and prospects in this quickly growing area of research.