Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Targeting and Treating Cancer

Abstract

Cancer therapy necessitates innovative approaches to target malignant cells while minimizing collateral damage to healthy tissues, and bioactive-based nanocarriers present a promising strategy by capitalizing on the distinct biological features of cancer cells for precise targeting and therapy delivery. This review highlights recent advancements in bioactive-based nanocarriers, exploring the unique characteristics of cancer cells, such as overexpressed receptors and altered metabolism, which serve as targets for selective drug delivery. Various nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles, are discussed in terms of their advantages and challenges. Strategies for functionalizing nanocarriers with bioactive ligands like antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and small molecules are examined to enhance specificity toward cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these nanocarriers in overcoming biological barriers and reducing systemic toxicity. Challenges such as clinical translation and scalable manufacturing are outlined, along with future perspectives on integrating multifunctional platforms for combinatorial therapy. Bioactive-based nanocarriers hold immense potential for precision cancer therapy by enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Continued interdisciplinary research and collaboration are essential to optimize formulations, improve targeting efficiency, and translate these innovations into clinical practice, ultimately revolutionizing cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes.