Interaction of Black Pepper with Antihypertensive Drugs: Implications for Drug Absorption and Efficacy

Authors

  • Anamika Gautam Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad (India)-244001 Author
  • Piyush Mittal Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad (India)-244001 Author
  • K.K Sharma Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad (India)-244001 Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69580/b4xngn52

Keywords:

Anamika Gautam*, Piyush Mittal, K.K Sharma

Abstract

Black pepper (Piper nigrum), containing the active compound piperine, is known for enhancing the bioavailability of several drugs. This study investigates the interaction of black pepper with three antihypertensive drugs—enalapril, amlodipine, and atenolol—using both in vitro Caco-2 cell models and in vivo rat models. Results showed that piperine significantly increased the absorption and plasma concentrations (C_max) of enalapril and amlodipine, reducing their time to peak concentration (T_max), suggesting enhanced bioavailability. However, atenolol's pharmacokinetics remained largely unaffected. While black pepper altered drug absorption, it did not significantly improve therapeutic efficacy, highlighting the need for cautious use in patients on antihypertensive therapy due to possible drug-specific interactions.

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Published

30-04-2025